Underneath our clothes Essay Example For Students

Underneath our clothes Essay Marjorie Garbers thesis in Vested Interests in challenging and simple: Cross-dressing isnt an aberrant, eccentric or minority art form; it is a mainstream cultural activity which makes evident the deepest ways in which our ideas of who we are and who we arent are structured. So is she right? I recently had good cause to put some of her arguments to the test. Invited by the Goodman Theatre in Chicago to create a new production of Shakespeares Twelfth Night, I decided not to conform to the post-Restoration tradition of performing the play in (heterosexual) drag, i.e., with men playing parts originally written for women. I had considered doing the text with an all-male company, but this immediately seemed like a very bad idea, not only because it would entirely exclude my preferred female colleagues from the stage, but also because I feared it would reduce a complex and delightful set of theatrical games about sexual confusion and possibility to an ordinary game of hunt the queer subtext. This fear was confirmed when I arrived in Chicago to cast the production, only to be confronted with a full-fledged rumor that because I was a guy director I was therefore going to do the show in all-male dragthat it was going to be a querr Shakespeare. We will write a custom essay on Underneath our clothes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the end, a consideration of the inappropriate costumes, doubles, twins and mirrors at the heart of Twelfth Night led me to cast the play around a series of oppositions, not just that between men and women. Women dressed up as men played against and with women dressed up as women; but black also played against white, adolescent performers against mature performers, improvising comedians and singers against actors. When our Viola (a young black boy dressed as a heterosexual girl actor dressed as a bisexual boy) crossed swords with our Antonio (an experienced heterosexual actress dressed as a homosexual man), or when our Malvolio (an uninhibited female cabaret singer dressed as a sexually repressed man) thrust his frantically erect greatness upon our Olivia (a consummate comedienne giddily changing her costume every scene in a hysterically insecure attempt to ensure that she looked like a woman), then the number of boundaries being crossed by cross-dressing were multiple. All of this made Garbers book excelent bedtime reading during the rehearsal period. As she demonstrates, drag isnt just about men wearing frocks. It is about a whole range of interconnecting transgressions of many polarities: male/female, gay/straight, black/white, Orient/Occident, boy/girl, aduth/child, high status/low status, layperson/cleric, and on and on. What she demonstrates in fact is that any boundary created by the way people dress is ripe for crossing. Stolen costumes, borrowed ideas The demonstration is brilliantly entertaining. Garber is refreshingly and self-confessedly a real show-off. This quality is entirely appropriate after all, Vested Interests is about showing off. She has all the true drag queens addictions to the misused and rephrased quotation; in her eclecticism, she works to theatrical death a well-known theme (Salome, Peter Pan, Miss Saigon) and then immediately dives into the historical dressing-up box with barely disguised glee and pulls out the next glittering new anecdote, photograph or illustration, stringing together her wardrobe of stolen costumes and appropriated ideas through sheer panache of argument. Finally she pulls out her big argument: that cross-dressing isnt just a particularly vivid or entertaining demonstration of how the base rules of social identity are laid down, theatricalized and broken, but is in fact the way in which meaning is constituted, is the primal scene of meaning. The effect mimics exactly the traditional ending o f a drag act: The wig comes off and the performer reveals the truth, the real thing, the bald fact (or head) that sustains the whole act. .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 , .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 .postImageUrl , .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 , .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03:hover , .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03:visited , .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03:active { border:0!important; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03:active , .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03 .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u36f0bc9ebfaae5c596fe0579220b0d03:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scenes from an Execution EssayA chief virtue of Garbers book is its gorgeously wide frame of reference, which strays across periods, cultures and media with real authority. The expected material Shakespeares transvestite heroines is dispensed with early, and then its down to the real crazies: Nancy Reagan, Rambova, Elvis, Liberace. This breadth of reference becomes also a problem. If cross-dressing is everywhere, if all instances of such acts are equal parts of one massive, central cultural conundrum, then differences get dissolved. In particular, we lose sight of the issue of who loses and who gains in the battle of dressing and cross-dressing; reading the book, we can easily forget that cross-dressing is often a desperate, dangerous, preposterous undertaking. When it results in a victory, that victory may be hard won and costly. Ask Ma- donna, ask Peter Pan, ask Elvis, ask ny gay drag queen, ask Michael Jackson, ask Navratilova, ask Marcel Duchamp, ask Mapplethorpe. Ask Charles Ludlam. Ask Ethyl Eichelberger. When Garber insists that playing with dress is part of a large and endlessly reflective cultural system, she is of course right. But she doesnt really engage with the fact that this cultural system is also a war, with winners and losers. Her ook is oddly lacking in pictures or accounts of cross-dressers who havent escaped into history, where their images remain to be played with, admired and learned from, but who have been caught and punished for their transgressions. Her triumphl tone is a pleasure, but it is also a partial lie. Watching reactions to the final celebratory lineup of married couples in my Twelfth Night woman in moustache married to boy in bra and Ronette wig, bare-chested boy married to woman in wedding dress I was always aware of two things: the cross-dressed clowns, puritans and homosexuals who are excluded from the double wedding, and the fact that some people dont love watching people cross-dress and transgress; they hate it, and they hate it for deeply held reaso ns. Neil Bartlett is a London-based performer, director and author, whose work in America includes the music-theatre piece Sarrasine and translations of Molieres The Misanthrope and The School for Wives.

Good Will Hunting Essay Example

Good Will Hunting Essay Example Good Will Hunting Paper Good Will Hunting Paper The movie Good Will Hunting exploits many points of psychology in the character Will Hunting, a janitor at MIT who has a knack for math. Some of the points of psychology include how a character develops after a lot of child abuse during his childhood. It exploits the idea that a child who becomes secluded may never allow an attachment, or when an attachment finally starts to occur, pushes them away. It also exploits the idea that Will Hunting has Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Because of the post-traumatic stress disorder it seems that Will is unable to function normally in society, and because of this, carefully plans out his future as to not have to worry about encountering many people. The stress that Will Hunting endured in his childhood could have caused him several psychological obstacles to overcome. â€Å"Child psychologists believe that child abuse causes a much higher level of psychological disturbance such as violence, depression, and drug abuse† (Brown). Child abuse is a large part of the development of Will Hunting. It is revealed several times throughout the movie, especially in one particular scene where he reveals that his father used to come home drunk and ready to fight someone. He speaks of how he had to provoke his father into beating him so he wouldn’t beat his mother. â€Å"He used to just put a belt, a stick, and a wrench on the kitchen table and say, ‘Choose. ’† (Sant, 1997) Will would say to his psychologist, Sean Maguire, when they spoke of his past and how he knew all about child abuse because he had first-hand experience in it. : It was also mentioned that he had history with child abuse when he broke out into an anger fit when yelling at his girlfriend, Skylar, shouting at her about how he didn’t tell her the real stories because she didn’t want to know about his scars, and his history, and his father beating him and his mother, and about him going through foster homes and being an orphan. Throughout the movie, Will Hunting uses several defense mechanisms in the way he acts to protect himself from the world, from having to attach to anyone or anything. One such defense mechanism he uses is lying about himself and his history. When Skylar asks about meeting his large assortment of brothers and staying at his house, he agrees that he would let her meet his non-existent brothers, and that he would let her stay at his house some time to meet his family. Little did she know that he actually was an orphan with no siblings, and that his house was a run-down shack that he stayed in, and that he had never planned on her actually visiting his house or meeting his friends. Will Hunting also uses the defense mechanism of being extremely smart and by reading people and exploiting their weaknesses to shift their focus away from him. This would be a characteristic of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder avoidance state, where he is dealing with it throughout the movie, which causes him to stay withdrawn from people and society (NCBI). Will uses manipulation to change the subjects and focus’ of others from himself. He is also sarcastic when he talks. Such examples include the several psychologists who he visited before he found Sean. He would read their books before he met with them to decipher the way they worked. Then, when he worked with the psychologists, he would exploit their weakness and what they were uncomfortable with and push it right into their faces. He would also use sarcasm to make a point that he thought all of these psychologist meetings were useless to him and pointless. Finally, Will Hunting uses the defense mechanism of anger, another sign of his Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (NCBI), to help guard himself from others and letting them know too much about him. This could also be an affect from his childhood abuse, where his father had beaten him and his mother when he came home in a rage. Only once in the movie did it really show Will Hunting getting angry to the point of insanity (if it could be called insanity), and that was when Skylar asked him to move to California with him. He stated no, and grew upset with her. She then told him that she loved him, and he lashed out at her with furious words, hurtful words, and the truth about him, that he has no brothers, that he is an orphan, and that his father physically abused him when he was younger. It’s the anger that pushes him away from Skylar and causes her to go to California without him, causing him to not have to deal with someone trying to get close to him, to learn about him, and to attach to him anymore, the same thing he did in all of his other relationships; make sure that no female would want to stick around. Throughout Good Will Hunting, Will Hunting experiences many different psychological experiences, such as some stages in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and the stress of having to grow up with an abusive family, never having the chance to attach to somebody he cared for and to never be able to trust anybody. However, with help, Will learns to overcome these psychological obstacles and chases down his dream girl, Skylar. References Brown, J. (n. d. ). The Effects of Child Abuse on Young Adults. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from unc. edu/~brownja/goodwillhuntingjab2. htm NCBI. (n. d. ). Post-traumatic stress disorder. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from Pubmed Health: ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001923/ Sant, G. V. (Director). (1997). Good Will Hunting [Motion Picture].

10 Websites and Blogs of Punctuation Protectors

10 Websites and Blogs of Punctuation Protectors 10 Websites and Blogs of Punctuation Protectors 10 Websites and Blogs of Punctuation Protectors By Mark Nichol In honor of National Punctuation Day, commemorated on September 24 (you didn’t forget, did you?), here’s a directory of Web sites documenting, usually with photographs, egregious punctuation errors. First, by the way, note that the founder of National Punctuation Day, a freelance business-newsletter writer named Jeff Rubin, sponsors a Punctuation Paragraph Contest. The only rule is that you must write one paragraph, maximum of three sentences, using these punctuation marks: apostrophe, brackets, colon, comma, dash, ellipsis, exclamation point, hyphen, parentheses, period, question mark, quotation mark, and semicolon. (You may use a punctuation mark more than once.) Send your entry to the email address at Rubin’s Web site by September 30, 2011. 1. Apostrophe Abuse Tagline: Links and visuals illustrating an orthographic pet peeve. 2. Apostrophe Catastrophes Tagline: The Worlds’ Worst. Punctuation; 3. The Apostrophe Protection Society Tagline: Examples of misuse of the apostrophe as seen by you! 4. The â€Å"Blog† of â€Å"Unnecessary† Quotation Marks Tagline: none 5. English Fail Blog Tagline: Public Butcherings of the English Language 6. The Gallery Of â€Å"Misused† Quotation Marks Tagline: none 7.GrammarBlog Tagline: Mocking poor grammar since 2007 8. The Grammar Vandal Tagline: Taking it to the streets and correcting America, one comma at a time. 9. The Great Typo Hunt Tagline: none 10. Wordsplosion Tagline: Showcasing the best of the worst of the wide world of words Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know"Owing to" vs "Due to"Ebook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

Johann Sebastian Bach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Johann Sebastian Bach - Research Paper Example Although Bach did not receive recognition as a composer during the period, the 19th century led to a revival of performances and interests in his music, which upon closer examination have made him be regarded as one of the greatest composers in history. Discussion Period of Composition Johann Sebastian Bach made his famous compositions during the Baroque period. This was an era of European music that was between 1600 and 1750. The word Baroque is used in reference to extravagance, abnormality and strangeness. The music played during the Baroque period was highly ornate, intense and lavishly texturized. The composers of this era, such as Johann Sebastian Bach, were able to express feelings and emotions in their compositions. Moreover, the compositions made during the Baroque period had an emphasis on contrast of texture, pace and volume in the music, which was not witnessed in the late renaissance, when the music played, did not concentrate on the aforementioned elements2. Bachâ€℠¢s rise to greatness The rich musical history of Bach’s family was instrumental in ensuring that Bach became the greatest composer in history. Christened father of classical music, Bach demonstrated a deep understanding of phrasing and musical forms. Following Bach’s graduation from St. ... However, the relationship between Bach and the authorities at Arnstadt deteriorated with Bach voicing his dissatisfaction with the singers of the church’s choir3. In 1706, Bach was offered the position of an organist at a church in Muhlhausen, which he decided to take up the following year. This position provided Bach with an opportunity to improve his skills as it included incentives such as a good choir, improved conditions and better remuneration. Bach convinced the city government and the church to refurbish the organ at the church after which Bach repaid them with a festive composition for the incumbent council in the location. The composition became a major success, which compelled the council to reward Bach handsomely4. Bach returned to Weimar as an accomplished concertmaster and organist. He enhanced his prowess by working with professional musicians. Bach was able to spend most of his time composing orchestral and keyboard works. This dedication made him to attain the required confidence and proficiency that enabled him to enhance the existing structures and attain substantial influence in foreign countries. Furthermore, during this time Bach was able to make dramatic openings and use the harmonic schemes and dynamic rhythms, which were synonymous with Italians musicians such as Torelli, Vivaldi and Corelli. The stylistic aspects from the aforementioned Italians enabled Bach to make works, which are played in concerts even to date5. Historical Events in Bach’s Life There are some major events in Bach’s life that influenced and shaped his musical career. When he was 14 years old, Bach was awarded a scholarship that enabled him to study at St. Michaels School. This prestigious school was

Trave and hotel industry in Hawaii Research Paper

Trave and hotel industry in Hawaii - Research Paper Example Although agriculture which has variety like flower cultivation, macadamia nuts and papaya, manganese nodule mining and film production have extended Hawaii’s economic base tourism still plays a major role ( Hawaii 9 pp3). Indirect employment is in sectors like transport and retail. When employed individuals spend their wages and salaries on goods and services, it leads to more jobs creation. This is referred but economist as multiplier effect. Tourism brings in foreign exchange; international tourists change their currency into Hawaii currency to be able to pay for their experience. Therefore, the host country gets foreign exchange to spend on its expenses such as educational and medical facilities (Tourism and the economy, 12). Tourism is often seasonal; this makes economy of Hawaii fluctuate with all coming season. The unstable economic system makes it hard for the government to estimate yearly budgets because other seasons will be very high as compared to other years. Over dependence on tourism will have a negative effect to the economy during low seasons. Second, tourism sector is always affected by current affairs; insecurity issues affect tourism negatively which eventually affects the economy. For instance the September 11 attack reduced the visitor number in Hawaii (Tourism and the economy, 12). Tourism and hospitality industry in Hawaii generates one out of every five jobs. The industry provides employments in restaurants, hotels, car rental companies, security services, entertainment, retail stores, airlines, airport and many other operations that supply goods and services to tourists (Sharma, pp 127). During high tourism seasons in Hawaii demand for workers is high. In this case, more people are employed in the tourism and hospitality sector. In determining the employment rates, situations statistical techniques adjustment is used. Hawaii’ seasonally adjusted rates were, unemployment rate for November 2011,

Abrasive Flow Machining Essay Example for Free

Abrasive Flow Machining Essay 1. Introduction Abrasive flow machining (AFM) was firstly developed fifty years ago by Extrude Hone Corporation, USA. By using the liquid viscoelastic material with easy flowability made of polymer and abrasive grains, AFM can be used to polish, deburr and radius for the workpiece. There are three kinds of AFM: one-way AFM, two-way AFM and orbital AFM [1]. In this case to manufacture the cylinder heads, consider of two-way AFM is much more widely used and its technology is more mature, we also choose the two-way AFM to do the surface finishing. Schematic of two-way flow shows in figure below. Figure 1 principle of material removal mechanism in two-way AFM process [1] Prior to machining, liquid abrasive will be put into the lower medium cylinder, the designed fixture which clamping the workpiece will be fixed between two cylinders. The upper medium, lower medium cylinder and fixture will form a confined space. After heat the whole system to working temperature, by forcing the lower piston (usually by hydraulic), the liquid abrasive will be pressed into the channel formed by clamp and workpiece, then flow into the upper medium cylinder. After the stroke of lower piston finished, the upper piston will force the liquid abrasive back into lower cylinder [2], an operating cycle will be finished. See more: Beowulf essay essay 2. Three key elements of AFM 1) Machine tool Use to fasten the workpiece and fixture, and control the pressure applied on the workpiece, to adjust the degree of abrasive accuracy. 2) Liquid Abrasive Liquid abrasive is abrasive tool in the AFM, it should has following properties, a) Non-corroding and don’t adhere to the workpiece and human skin. b) Good adhesive properties between different abrasive grains. c) Be able to maintain the viscoelasticity for a long time d) Non-volatile and non-deteriorate after a long time preservation. e) Strong cohesion. For these properties, the conventional liquid abrasive is made from Semi-solid carrier which has viscoelasticity, flexibility and cutting property mixed with abrasive grains. Different intrinsic viscosities of different carriers, different types and size of abrasive grains can affect the final tolerance and roughness [2]. The most frequently used abrasives are silicon carbide, carborundum, Cubic Boron Nitride(CBN), aluminum oxide, the size of grain vary from 0.005mm to 1.5mm. Abrasive with high viscosity is mainly used to polish the walls of workpiece and large through-hole while low viscosity abrasive is primarily for radiusing the edge and polishing the small through-hole. 3) Fixture The function of fixture, a) Positioning and fixing the workpiece. b) Bearing clamping force for some workpiece. c) Constitute a channel for liquid abrasive with some machined surface of workpiece in suitable size and section. d) Realizing simultaneous machine multiple workpiece in one device. 3. Advantage of AFM, Abrasive flow machining has accuracy, stability and flexibility. It uses liquid abrasive to remove the metal material infinitesimally, deburr and radius the internal intersections of workpiece. At present, AFM is widely used in automotive industry and other manufacturing. The fundamental advantage of AFM is the liquid abrasive can reach the positions which are not easily be machined by tradition surface finish methods since the complexity of workpiece, polished surface evenly and in integrity, batch processing has the same result. These characteristics improve the performance of part, extend the working life, avoid the multifarious manual labour, and lower the intensity of labor. For example, when polish the intake-tube of vehicle by traditional process, the tube need to be cut into half, then welding after polishing, but using the AFM, cut and welding can be avoided [3]. 4. Geometrical and thermal effects. Viscosity of liquid abrasive will decrease when the working temperature enhances [3], and working ability of abrasive depends on its viscosity as the figure 2 shown. Figure 2 the machining effects of different viscosity of abrasive materials [5] Since cutting force is proportional to viscosity, so higher viscosity means stronger grinding ability, as a result abrasive with higher viscosity will get a better surface. In conclusion, temperature is a very important factor during the process. While the abrasive grains polish the surface, it will generate heat, enhancing the temperature as the figure 3 shown. Figure 3 Variation of rise in temperature of workpiece with number of cycles [4] The rise of temperature will make the working ability reduce. So cooling system is need during the process to ensure the best machined surface. Geometry of cylinder head also affects the result of surface finishing. Many small through-holes exist in the cylinder head, flow rate of abrasive is much bigger in these through-holes according to fluid mechanics, even these accelerations enhance grinding ability, but due to shearing force generated by abrasive being extrusion at narrow pass, it is evident that temperature will rise rapidly, lower the grinding ability. So geometrical effect need to consider when design a cylinder head. 1. Rhoades L.J., Kohut T.A., Reversible Unidirectional AFM, US patent number 5,070,652, Dec 10th, 1991. 2 Szulczynski, Hubert, Uhlmann, Eckart, MATERIAL REMOVAL MECHANISMS IN ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING 3 Guizhen Song, THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING 4 Rajendra K. Jain, V. K. Jain. Specific energy and temperature determination in abrasive flow machining process[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools Manufacture, 2001(41):1689-1704 5 Tang Yong, Zhou De-ming, Yang Gang, Machinability of Abrasive Flowing Machining. Journal of south china university of technology, 2001-9

Wordsworth, Social Reform Literature, and Politics of the 1790s Essay

Wordsworth, Social Reform Literature, and Politics of the 1790s The historical mix of social fictions in England and France at the end of the 1780s greatly impacted the literature of the period. Tom Paine's The Rights of Man (1791) and Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France (1791) were the two most widely read works that spurred a decade long debate on how the nation of England was to be governed and by whom. As a young man during this period, William Wordsworth formed part of the circle of writers who fought for the Republican cause of democracy and its ideals. Similar to the poet William Cowper, Wordsworth's early poetry contributed to a larger framework of social reform literature that the publisher Joseph Johnson promoted throughout his career from the late 1770s until his death in 1809. Some of Wordsworth's early prose works mark what he was to later reflect upon in his poem, "Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye During a Tour, 13 July 1798". "Tintern Abbey" reminds Wordsworth's readers of the solitude and "sad perplexity" (61) that its author experiences five years after his dreams of a democratic republic and love for Annette Vallon are dashed by France's Reign of Terror and war with England. He recounts: Five years have passed; five summers, with the length Of five long winters! . . . . . . . And so I dare to hope, Though changed, no doubt, from what I was when first I bounded o'er these hills, . . . Flying from something that he dreads than one Who sought the thing he loved. (1-2, 66-67, 72-73)[1] "Tintern" suggests Wordsworth's wish to move beyond the sentiments and views he once held, as reflected in his unpublishe... ... a friend of Benjamin Franklin, Joseph Priestley, and Horne Tooke; Mary Wollstonecraft listened to Price's occasional political sermons, and was influenced by his view that all people were entitled to equal education. Todd, Janet. Mary Wollstonecraft: A Revolutionary Life. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2000: 59-61. 4. Edmund Burke. Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), in, Paul Keen, (ed. compiler). Reading (at) the Limit of the Bourgeois Public Sphere. Burnaby: Simon Fraser University Publishing, 1999: 145. 5. Ibid, 147. 6. Tom Paine is referring to William the Conqueror, quoted by E. P. Thompson in, The Making of the English Working Class. Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd., 1963: 94-95. 7. Ibid, 94. 8. Christopher Hill. "The Norman Yoke," in Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution Revisited. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997: 361.

Cloud computing and web 2.0 Essay

Cloud computing refers to technological computing that depend on sharing of computing resources as opposed to having organizational devices or local servers to take care of the applications in the organization. The word cloud is metaphoric to the internet. In a nutshell, the phrase cloud computing refers to computing based on the internet where dissimilar servers applications and storage are delivered to the computers and devices of the organization. How Organizations use Cloud Computing Today, businesses use cloud computing to access business information anywhere by use of compatible devices. Unlike storing information in the computer or having office servers, cloud computing enables data storage on the internet. Khan& Zaheer, (2012) asserts that the application works by availing the information from a central web based hub that enable anyone in possession of accurate credentials to access the information anywhere with internet connection. This allows mobile working which further reduces the cost of office space renting expenditures. Perhaps, most importantly, the technology is widely used in data back-up. This prevents loss of vital information in-case of system failure or any disaster. The cloud allows automatic update of the data while at work as well as creating copies of data off-site safe from any disaster. Cloud computing also allows data synchronization for all the devices connected to the cloud permitting constant update with real-time information. The orga nizations use the cloud to access all types of files, use the office information and further collaborate with staff members while working on a similar project in different locations which enable sharing of information.Businesses use cloud technology to plan for future growth of the business and Business owners always aim at reducing the cost of production and overall business costs without sacrificing their ability to compete and run business. For this reason, most businesses use the computing process to store functional programs which might include customer service tools, accounting services and remote desktop hosting. A recent study noticed that businesses that focus on cloud technology have higher competitive edge than their competitors who do not use the technology. They mentioned areas such as efficiency in customer service, digital information storage, marketing, quick information up-dates and proper employee management. Technology Required in Operating Cloud Computing The organization must poses business and financial, technological skill to effectively operate cloud computing. Innovations in return on investment making judgment on business metrics based on performance versus costs of subscribing the cloud. Secondly, the staff must have technical skill to build on the clouds. Knowledge based on internet applications such as java and NET, languages and open source tools are required. Architectural development and management skills also come forefront in the management of the cloud computing. This is essential for laying elaborate road map of IT services and speaking the language of the business. The organization must also marshal key stakeholders to agree on the timelines, goals and meet the project objectives. Furthermore, the company must invest in technological security measures to provide protection for confidential information. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing Cloud technology offers wide advantages to the users. The technology is cost effective and easy to update and maintain. Traditional desktops are financially ineffective and increase business costs. The company can, therefore, maximize on returns by lowering the costs. Secondly, it offers unlimited storage for data hence no worry of storage space. The technology has recovery and backup for stored data that eliminates loss of data in case of any damages. Lastly, cloud computing offers easy access to information by the users anywhere they are, and the cloud integrates software automatically. However, the drawbacks of using cloud computing technology are double. Firstly, implementation of cloud computing in the organization requires personnel training. Additionally, it demands the establishment of elaborate and effective troubleshooting system during and after the launching of the cloud. Organizations are further charged with challenges of addressing hesitant employees who are unfamiliar with the cloud computing technology. Secondly, security risks are major concerns of cloud technology (Khan& Zaheer, 2012). The owners of the businesses and decision makers majorly worry vulnerability of sensitive data in the cloud to the unauthorized users. Although the users are provided with passwords and usernames, the verification of these details remains a top challenge. These threaten the safety of information in the cloud as the internet hackers can access confidential information. Web 2.0 Web 2.0 refers to the term used to describe the second generation of the World Wide Web aimed at the ability of the users to share information and collaborate online. It mentions the transition derived from static HTLM web pages to advanced and dynamic web based on serving applications of the web users in an organized manner. How Organizations use Web 2.0 Today, according to Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley. (2003) businesses embrace web 2.0 technologies to build relationships with customers and to improve the employee welfare while reducing costs. Web 2.0 services such as YouTube slide share and twitter can add value to businesses. The technology is used to empower the organization’s employees through sharing of productive business innovative information which in turn leads to high sales, assists in strengthening the company brand, corporate identity and image. Furthermore, the organizations use the web 2.0 technologies to aid recruitment of employees and simultaneously improving their working environments and relationships. Research one by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, (2013) shows that businesses create pages in facebook and invite the users and customers to become fans of the page. In the page, all the fans will receive notifications on news feeds. With time, the page develops into many fans of the business that creates room for spreading awareness of the corporate identity and the brand of the business. Therefore, social pages such as facebook offer excellent advertising services at a lower cost as opposed to media advertisement which is very expensive. The social sites offers good program for the target audience and location. Additionally, the social sites offer grounds for receiving feedback from the customers as a process of the tracking system of the business. Using the fans’ feedback, businesses can adjust to the needs of the customers in product services and eventually grow. Also, YouTube offers online videos allowing the site users to watch countless times. People register in YouTube for free and once they have registered, they can download the videos and share via email, or post on blogs. Advertisements can be done through YouTube and people will have a chance to rate the products by commenting on the videos. Advantages and Disadvantages of Web 2.0 Web 2.0 is user-centered that allows collaboration, interaction and sharing of information. Web 2.0 users enjoy the freedom of sharing thoughts, likes, philosophy’s views and dislikes. The technology assists in media marketing at a lower cost and use of optimum search engines for business development. Social networking increases the circles of friends who have the chance to post their comments and views regarding the business. Furthermore, it promotes online business for products and services and constant posting and update of information. Contrastingly, the technology has some drawbacks which include loading of information by many users who post their views. This creates confusion to the users and sometimes the content of information posted is unreliable. Additionally, the freedom of posting can create a chance for competitors to post negative comments about the business creating unfavorable business environment. Lastly, online hackers and forgeries can create crime by accessing confidential information (Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley, 2003). Technology required in Operating Web 2.0 Web 2.0 covers wide range of technologies. Widely used are blogs, podcasts, prediction markets, wikis, and information tagging and social networks. New technologies should be adopted to run these applications as the world continues to evolve. The companies must understand the potential of the staff in the management of the project using technological means. Finally, the business must innovate in technological measures that can allow the company to offer optimum security measures. The use of web 2.0 often attracts criminals who can derail the business. Therefore, technology in security comes on forefront in the management of the web 2.0 technology. References Khan, Zaheer, Ludlow, David, McClatchey, Richard, & Anjum, Ashiq. (2012). An architecture for integrated intelligence in urban management using cloud computing. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.KI Voigt, & M Ernst. (2011). Use of Web 2.0 applications in product development: an empirical study of the potential for knowledge creation and exchange in research and development. (International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology; Vol 2, No 9 (2010).) MultiCraft Limited. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (January 01, 2013). Ensuring the Global Participation in the Internet Economy for Development.Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley. (2003). The Role of Information Systems and Technology in Case Management: a case study in health and welfare insurance. (Australasian Journal of Information Systems; Vol 10, No 2 (2003).) Australasian Association for Information Systems. Source document

Poverty in America Essay

Poverty is a disturbing but significant global concern. Just as it is for millions of other people all over the globe, poverty is occurring in America. Over the past decades, income disparity is ascending, in addition to the number of communities that failed to keep up with the national economic standard. Although poverty is present everywhere, it is more serious in developing countries, wherein one in every five person lives on not more than $1 for each day, which is the threshold being applied by the World Bank to classify poverty. The unrelenting problem of poverty is a multifaceted one that embraces individuals and communities who, without their fault, find themselves powerless to manage in this information-intensive and constantly developing world. For the majority Americans, poverty implies destitution, or the lack of ability to provide the family with reasonable shelter, clothing, and nutritious food. Despite the fact that material destitution does exist in America, it is relatively confined in severity and scope. To be aware of poverty in America, it is necessary to observe several statistics, as well as to observe the actual living conditions of the persons that are considered poor by the government. Overview of Poverty in America A large numbers of the country’s population live at or below the threshold of poverty, which means payment of bills every month and financing for the essentials, consisting of shelter, clothing, and food, not counting access to health care and a number of simple comforts is a constant struggle. According to estimates in 2003, roughly 25 percent of counties in the United States had low rates of workforce participation, soaring rates of unemployment, high reliance on government transfer expenditures, and incomes that is lower than one-half of the national average or less for each person. The Census Bureau classifies poverty as a family of three earning not more than $14,680, and not more than $9,393 for a worker without any dependent (Blanco, 2004). According to the 2003 statistics of the Census Bureau, almost 36 million Americans lived in poverty, which is 1.3 million more in 2002. Since 2000, the country has experienced an increase of 4.4 million people who lives in poverty (Blanco, 2004). According to a survey, the present American families are experiencing worse living conditions than they have in the previous years, as 10 percent of all families or approximately 7.6 million families in 2003 lived in poverty, which is an enormous ascend from the previous years (Blanco, 2004). In 2005, the registration of the United States Census Bureau of poor individuals in the country totaled to approximately 37 million poor Americans (Rector & Johnson, 2004). Therefore, there is one in every eight Americans that is struggling with inconceivable poverty. These millions of Americans are asserted to be deficient of the necessary clothing, shelter, and enough money for the food, as well as being forced to live in unpleasant conditions (Rector & Johnson, 2004). Common Factors of Poverty In the concluding half of the 20th century, the three factors that are generally offered to explain movements of poverty in the United States are changes in family structure, economic inequality, and income growth. If the average per-capita incomes are increased, such as increasing wages and employment, then it is expected that poverty will generally decline. Nevertheless, economic inequality can take the edge off the overall constructive impact of income growth if lower-income workforce and unemployed citizens do not benefit from the fruits of such development. On the other hand, changes in the family structure, primarily the ever-increasing number of families headed by female may be linked with higher rates of poverty for the reason that such families are more expected to be poor and are more economically vulnerable. I. Economic Equality Certainly, the country has made several enhancements over the intervening decades in terms of the overall minimum living standard as measured through material conditions. Yet the living conditions of the poor individuals are severely different from that of families and individuals who take advantage of various degree of economic security as measured through income levels that provide unstressed and comfortable situations. The escalation in the number of poor individuals and families in the country ought to provide the government various apprehension, but even more upsetting is the increasing difference between the underprivileged and wealthy in America. In the previous decades, compensation for more affluent Americans has considerably ascended, stimulated by increase in stock options, bonuses, salaries and other rewards. However, the compensation provided for millions of lower-wage workforces dropped off; and in fact, a number of them have even lost their jobs (Blanco, 2004). Therefore, this factor has prevented the advantages of economic growth from being equally drawn out. Moreover, in 2005, non-Hispanic white men, not less than 25 years of age, holding only high-school qualification have $35,679 median income; whereas women within the same age group, need a degree in college in order to obtain a comparable median income (Spriggs, 2007). The outcome is that the households headed by female are harmed by the major earnings gap, which has a poverty rate of 31.1 percent in contrast to their male-headed household counterparts, which only had a 13.4 percent poverty rate (Spriggs, 2007). In 2005, poverty for women is excessively elevated than men, which is14.1 percent in contrast to 11.1 (Spriggs, 2007). The disparity reflects unrelenting gaps in earnings between male and female workers. At the same time, since 1959 the median income of white males with a family of five has been higher than the poverty line, but for women with a family of three, it was only in 1990 that their median income broke beyond the poverty line (Spriggs, 2007). Further, notwithstanding the progressive structure of benefit procedure in Social Security benefits, the constant gap is best reflected in disparities in poverty among the elderly, where the lifetime earnings of women suggest they have lower assets than men. II. Family Structure Higher rates of poverty among women have generally been contributed to the changes in family structure. The percentage of families headed by single female with children rapidly rose over the previous decades of the 20th century, which reached 26.5 percent in 1995 from only 11.5 percent of all families with children in 1970; with higher rates for Hispanics and blacks. At the start of year 2003, roughly 26.1 percent of the entire families with children in the country were headed by single woman. A number of such families do not obtain any or adequate child support from the absent fathers of the children. It is suggested in one study that if fathers married the destitute mothers of their children, approximately three-quarters of the single-parents would instantly be elevated outside poverty status (Rector & Johnson, 2004). Obviously, two parents in a household generally earn more than single-parent. The burden of receiving enough income to raise dependent children outside poverty additionally confronts women who are the single head of the family, as well as getting and paying for child care concurrently with their work and management of the household without help. Since this hazard confronted by women of serving non-working dependents as well as their efforts in looking after their elderly parents is not distributed by society, women who head such families are expected to obtain lower levels of education, therefore, resulting to their lower earnings. Aside from the fact that women are more expected to earn significantly less than men with similar qualifications, mothers have a tendency to accumulate less experience than other workers. III. Income Growth Poverty is associated with the lack of sufficient income, so the core problem therefore is the compensation for the workers. Among the poor, only 11.4 percent or 2.9 million jobs around the clock is available for the whole year (Spriggs, 2007). This sector of the population is further directly impaired by minimum-wage laws that have hindered costs of living. This setback is particularly severe for poverty stricken American-Hispanics and American-Asians, where 18 percent of them worked year-round for full time (Spriggs, 2007). There are several reasons why numerous people lack the income to overcome poverty. For instance, people do not work or if they work, they do not earn sufficient amount of money. Whether in good or bad economic times, the ordinary poor family with children exerts only 800 hours of work throughout a year or 16 hours of work for each week (Rector & Johnson, 2004). Evidently, almost 75 percent of poor children would be lifted outside certified poverty status if work is provided in every family, that would increase the work hours to 2,000 for every year or comparable to 40 hours for each week all through the year (Rector & Johnson, 2004). In 2005, approximately 61 percent underprivileged families have no less than one worker; and of twice-poor families, 71 percent have no less than one worker. In view of the 1990s record job creation, the number of poor but working people declined to 8.5 million in 2000 from 10.1 million in 1993. In short, America is capable of dealing with poverty. But there have been vast stubborn concerns that have lodged the face of poverty. Mounting disparity in the labor market has increased the share of the working age poor citizens, and the unsympathetic federal minimum-wage laws that have amplified the numbers of poor people working year-round for full-time. In a country with a per capita Gross Domestic Product is exceeding the poverty line for a family of four, it is atrocious that there are still more than 12 million poverty stricken American children, and nearly 3 million people work around the clock, for one whole year who are still finding it hard to make ends meet. Facts Concerning the American Poor Sector Based on the American’s accepted definition of poverty, only a small number of the 37 million individuals fit the poor description, contrary to what the Census Bureau classified. Despite the fact that real material destitution undoubtedly does take place, it is limited in severity and scope. A number of America’s underprivileged lives in material conditions that would be considered as well-off or comfortable some generations ago. The following are information obtained from different government reports regarding people classified as poor by the Census Bureau: 1. Roughly 46 percent of the entire poor households actually own their individual houses (Rector & Johnson, 2004). The typical house owned by persons identified as poor by the Census Bureau is a three-bedroom house with a garage, one-and-a-half baths, with at least a patio or porch. 2. About 76 percent of underprivileged families have air conditioning in their houses (Rector & Johnson, 2004). By comparison, merely 36 percent of the entire population of the United States benefited from air conditioning 3 decades ago. 3. Only 6 percent of the underprivileged families are considered overcrowded, and not less than two-thirds of them have extra two rooms for every person (Rector & Johnson, 2004). 4. The typical poor American has more living space than the average individual living in Athens, Vienna, London, Paris, and other cities all over Europe (Rector & Johnson, 2004). 5. Practically three-quarters of poor families own an automobile, while 30 percent own at least two automobiles (Rector & Johnson, 2004). 6. Approximately 97 percent of poor households own at least one colored television, while half of the said percentage has at least two colored televisions (Rector & Johnson, 2004). 7. Roughly 78 percent own DVD or VCR players, while 62 percent have satellite or cable television reception (Rector & Johnson, 2004). 8. Around 73 percent of the poor households have microwave ovens, one-third owns an automatic dishwasher, and over half own a stereo system (Rector & Johnson, 2004). Further, as a group, America’s poor are far from being constantly malnourished. In fact poor children have usual protein intakes of 100 percent beyond the medically suggested levels and consume more meat than children of higher-income do (Rector & Johnson, 2004). Nevertheless, despite the fact that in general the poor are well-nourished, there are still several poor families who experience short-term distress due to food deficiencies. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, although most of the time the hunger is temporary, still 2.6 percent of poor children and 13 percent of poor families experience food shortage sometime during the year (Rector & Johnson, 2004). Approximately 89 percent of the poor account sufficient food to eat to their families, at the same time only 2 percent says they often do not have adequate food to eat (Rector & Johnson, 2004). Conclusion / Recommendations Following the United States government classification of poverty, the typical poor American people have a living standard far superior as compared to what the public envisions. Nevertheless, the typical poor person’s living conditions should not be taken to suggest that every poor American lives devoid of hardship. Millions of Americans are still continually struggling to hang on, making tough choices between housing, hunger and health care for their families. Economic inequality, income growth, and changes in family structure without doubt affected poverty trends over the latter half of the 20th century. Poverty in America can be readily reduced, if parents are provided with sufficient hours of work and if fathers are at all times present with their families. Although marriage and work are unyielding ladders away from poverty, the country’s welfare system uncooperatively continues to be unsympathetic to both. Foremost programs such as Medicaid, public housing, and food stamps keep on reprimanding marriage and rewarding idleness. Therefore, if welfare could be turned around to uphold marriage and work, the remaining number of poor family would quickly decrease. Further, as a matter of course, the United States has employed over the years job creation and economic growth to trim down poverty, but at present situation the courses are consequential only to the extent that inequality on wages is reduced. Poor people are generally not victims of themselves, but of appalling economic policies along with obstructions to opportunity. Since work generates income, it is important therefore that the government must provide a great increase in available working hours in different labor sectors for the poor. Along with the work opportunities, it is also important to eliminate economic inequalities based on gender, age, economic status, and many others in order to provide higher wages and higher incomes to the underprivileged sectors of the country. America is a nation with one of the most productive and strongest economies in the world. As such, the country must exert a continuing effort to fully utilize the abundance and therefore eliminate the country ’s alarming poverty rate.

Götz and Meyer, written by David Albahari

Gà ¶tz and Meyer, written by David Albahari Fictions on holocaust are often shocking because they depict murders by the Nazi prosecutions and cold-blooded massacre of Jews. Such stories are full of unsparing depiction of human sufferings and genocide to such an effect that, one fails to see perpetrators as humans, who used to be viewed as faceless entities that were programmed to commit murders.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Gà ¶tz and Meyer, written by David Albahari specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book Gà ¶tz and Meyer, written by David Albahari, tries to prove the fact that the perpetrators have a human face. It is emphasized that the protagonists in the novel, who are two Nazi drivers of the gas trucks, are not mere murder machines. The author humanizes the characters in order to present a different way of perceiving the nature of evil. Through the humor and empathy implemented in the novel, the characters that embody two Nazi soldiers ar e given human faces instead of the sole image of a murderer. A nameless teacher from Belgrade narrates the story about the destruction of the Serbian Jews during the war. He was obsessed with reconstructing his family tree, therefore, he toiled endlessly in the archives to gather information, but failed miserably for he could find only a few members of his family while there were sixty of them killed. The narrator says, â€Å"For me to truly understand real people like my relatives, I had first to understand real people like Gà ¶tz and Meyer.† . The novel is about these two characters, who were Nazi soldiers, being unknown to the narrator though. When the narrator begins his narration, he knows nothing about William Gà ¶tz and Erwin Meyer except for their names: â€Å"Gà ¶tz and Meyer. Having never seen them, I can only imagine them.† Initially he describes them as unknown people or characters as described in a tale. They were German soldiers, they were SS commissio ned, who were assigned the duty of driving a large truck for a â€Å"special purpose†. Their duty was to drive the truck every day to and from the fairground in Belgrade. The narrator constantly repeats the following line, â€Å"Having never seen them, I can only imagine them† (1) in order to imprint their images in the mind of the listeners, as well as in his own mind. One might say the narrator plays a dangerous game by trying to understand the characters at the risk of becoming them. At this point, one must note the importance of memory in the novel. Robert Eaglestone in the book The Holocaust and the Postmodern highlights the fact that â€Å"memory† helps to â€Å"evoke nearly everything there is to a person and to a society.† (74) Eaglestone also believes that the way â€Å"we remember the past† helps in framing our identity. Like most of the Holocaust fictions, the narrator too is nostalgic of his destroyed past and tells the story from memor y. However, unlike most Holocaust fictions, Albahari does not depict an ugly picture of the time. His stories deal with death, killing, mass murders in gas chamber, but they do not describe all the sufferings in detail to haunt the reader’s imagination of the Nazi carnage. Rather, the â€Å"memory narration† of the novel builds a humane figure for the two people who were Nazis.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Albahari describes the two protagonists, playing with children on the ground before they go back to work. He further underlines that both of them are married and worry about the children at home. One of them, maybe Meyer (again the narrator is unsure which one of them) is fond of children and like presenting them chocolates. Now these children could easily be Jewish youngsters at Belgrade Fairground whom he had to transport in his truc k. Such a scene shows that these two men were the victims. They were there to perform their duty, in reality, they were not monsters with evil eyes and poisonous fangs. The narrator talks of the ambitions and desires of the protagonists. One of them, (again the narrator is unsure which one), wanted to be a pilot, and the other one has other dreams in his mind. The narrator is often unsure how to differentiate between them, and often forgets to stress out who was doing some particular things in this or that scene, but these characters are not presented to the readers as caricature of evil villains. Rather, they are presented as individuals committed towards one task. The narrator describes the truck that the protagonists drive: The truck was a Saurer, a five-tonner with a boxlike body, 1.7 meters high and 5.8 meters long †¦ A full hundred people could stand in the back †¦ During these trips, the souls became real souls, no longer human in form. Gà ¶tz and Meyer most certai nly knew what was happening in the back of the truckAfter all, the people they were driving had no souls, that, at least, was a commonly known fact! Jews were nothing more than milder on the face of the world! And so, day in and day out, they would repeat their practiced routine. This paragraph shows two protagonists in a bad light to the readers, showing that they were carriers of death to men, women, and children they carried in their truck and believed that they were soulless and faceless creatures. The routine involved the protagonists in the destruction of the Serbian Jews. The novel shows a host of killings that were conducted by SS squads; they shot hundreds of people face to face. However, such mass killings made the German soldiers weary and took a toll on their morale. Therefore, a less personal means of massacre was employed through these mobile gas vans. For the first time, the readers view Gà ¶tz and Meyer as murderers who helped in asphyxiation of many women and child ren in their truck.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Gà ¶tz and Meyer, written by David Albahari specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The narration of the killings makes the narrator more involved, he describes how the protagonists would drive the truck into the distance, and one of them would put the exhaust pipe into the truck. After that, they were never involved in killing. Then, the dead bodies were driven to the Serbian prison where the bodies were dumped. While this gruesome process is being put into effect, the narrator imagines Gotz and Meyer â€Å"chatting with their commander†, again enabling the readers to look at these two bearers of death as humans. The memory of the narrator plays a major role in the description of the biographical or historical fiction, especially that of the Holocaust . This piece of fiction is also drawn from the memory, but the narrator is truthful enough to say that h e has not met the characters Goth and Meyer, and therefore, he is obliged to draw from his imagination, which of course has been discoursed with stereotypes. Individual memory exists in a collective form, adhering to the social norms and framework . For example, in the story, the memory of the narrator was reconstructed by events and incidents that had been externally infused in his mind by those groups that influenced his memory. Consequently, it is obvious that he will embitter feelings towards the two German soldiers he describes. His imagination is bound to have the stereotypes, and Jewish constructs influence his description of the story as well as the characters. This has helped in humanizing the characters as well. The novel can be called humorous due to the deadpan tone of the narrator, presenting the story to the readers in a satirical tone. This gives the novel an uncanny comical feature. Once the readers pick a book on holocaust, the prevalent stereotypes play in their mi nd and eventually they expect a horror story of human atrocities and sufferings. The element of empathy and humor present in the story is evident in the way the narrator describes the two Nazi protagonists. In a non-committal voice, as if he was narrating the story of any other man, he described how Gà ¶tz and Meyer were performing their work and duties. He tried to imagine these men, having with their personal lives, full of concerns and problems. The implementation of humor in describing an act of atrocity makes it more tragic . Humor in holocaust fiction does not imply that the whole story becomes a â€Å"carnival†; what is strives to portray is a different perspective of life at the time when it seems it can only be filled with death . Presence of puns and double meaning in dialogues is the essence of Holocaust fiction that is reiterated in Gà ¶tz and Meyer.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The episode when the narrator describes his untimely desire to itch in the classroom and the episode where he subsequently visits a dermatologist is full of dark humor. After school, the narrator visits a doctor to get the problem of his itching examined. The doctor inquires of any past complaint of skin disease in the narrator’s family. To this query, the narrator sarcastically answers, â€Å"Most of them died of poisoning† . Another instance where the narrator presents a case of dark, double edged humor was when he asked his students to imagine a journey to the camp and when he tells one of his students that she will not be allowed take her pet to the camp. She then contemptuously says â€Å"Why, this is inhuman† . Even the protagonists Gà ¶tz and Meyer are subjected to dark humor as the narrator, making them human as well as inhuman at the same time. The story uses various tropes to show Gà ¶tz and Meyer as humans. One of them is when the narrator directly questions the readers: What kind of man would †¦ consent to do a job that meant putting five or six thousand souls to death? I find it hard to give a student a bad grade at the end of the semester, let alone at the end of the year, but that is nothing compared to the way Gà ¶tz and Meyer must have felt. The narrator at once makes the protagonists human and the very next moment brings out the ugly side of their work. By comparing his work as a teacher and their job as killers, the narrator puts two juxtaposing professions to bring out the satire in it. Thus, through interplay of human and inhuman characters to demonstrate the protagonists, Albahari has actually made Gà ¶tz and Meyer two ordinary men rather than Nazi soldiers. Bibliography Albahari, David. Gotz Meyer. London: Random House, 2005. Print. Eaglestone, Robert. The Holocaust and the Postmodern . London: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print. Pres, Terrence Des. Holocaust Laughter. Pres, Terrence Des. Writings into th e World. London: Viking, 1991. 279-286. Print.

Barangay Banga Profile

We would like to lengthen our profound gratitude to Mr. Noberto Montecino for the chance he has given to us in conducting this study on the history of Brgy. Banga, Bayawan City. This effort would not have been possible without his reinforcement and reassurances of making this research a successful one. We would also like to extend our heartfelt appreciations to Hon. Amador Antique for his magnanimous and generous sharing of knowledge with regard on the past history of Brgy. Banga. Furthermore, we would like to thank our parents for their unending love, support, understanding and prayer as well as to our dearest friends who indeed help us in accomplishing this matter. Above all, we give our genuine gratefulness to the Father Almighty, the author of life and source of all knowledge and wisdom. Without Him, we know that we can never attain the greatest achievements of life. INTRODUCTION The research about the roots and development of Barangay Banga is done solely to inform the readers about how Barangay Banga came to be and how it grew into an industrialized Barangay as of today. Barangay Banga before is a vast plantation of Banga Trees, which belongs to the monocot group as Palm Tree. The Banga tree is best known before as a good material for flooring that is why it is mainly used by people. The Banga Central School of Brgy. Banga is one of the major contributions of the first Teniente del Barrio, Ceriaco Galon in the year 1940. He was the one who donated the lot for the construction of the said school. It is then a great help to the residents of Barangay Banga. Barangay Banga also has rice mills since one of the crops grown in the Barangay is â€Å"palay. † One functional Ice Plant is also located in Barangay Banga. It is also in Barangay Banga where one of the best and known subdivision of Bayawan City is located, the Lopez Village Subdivion. And near the Subdivion is a Chapel. One of the Sitios of Barangay Banga, Cabcabon, is soon to be the new City Site of Bayawan. A prestigious school, the Bayawan City Science and Technology Education Center, is also constructed in the said Sitio. It is also where the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology is also located. And now, the construction of the new City Hall and other important offices are now being initiated. Banga got its name from the vegetation known as Banga Tree which belongs to the monocot groups as Palm Tree. The history goes that, years ago the place is thickly populated by Banga Tree which many people used it for flooring their house. In a particular place a person cut down but he was warned by the folks not to cut those trees because the place where believed to be enchanted, but he insisted cutting the trees. After a few weeks the said person got sick and died from that circumstances, in every corner of the community believed that the death was due to the cutting of the Banga Tree.

Climate change and the role of Sustainable cites in mitigation and Essay

Climate change and the role of Sustainable cites in mitigation and adaptation - Essay Example It would be elicited that how these cities respond to the issues of mitigation and climatic changes. Further the paper will elaborate the features of climate change initiative launched by UN-Habitat. Factors which bring together the local and national government and the challenges faced by different governments would be described. The issues related to the control of climate changes and mitigation in London is controlled by its mayor and he governs by presenting policies and strategies that could help to resolve these problematic issues. In October 2011, the mayor of London is accordance with the GLA Group and assembly members presented the strategy to cover up the issue of mitigation to climate change and energy factors. The basic factor which is focused is the â€Å"LOW CARBON FUTURE† (London.Gov.Uk 2011). The climate change act was adopted by the government in 2008 and it majorly focused on the reduction of gas emission from the U.K house by 80% till 2050. This goal is not easy to obtain and its achievement requires huge radical changes in the life styles of people, infrastructure of state and the services that are availed. To make the achievement of this goal possible and to initiate the actions the government of London involved City London Corporation to develop a structure on how the future with low carbon should be (City of London 2008). The structure which was developed is as follow: A low carbon environment is where people use the transport which is environment friendly such as more focus on cycling and walking. Plus the public transport would be made efficient and enjoyable to use. The development of building should be done in such a way which serves as energy efficient tools with the supporting features such as the incorporating of renewable energy generation systems and systems for rain water harvesting as the essential features of the business. The city of London cooperation fully supported the aim of reducing